如何防止莲藕出现锈斑

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水稻的新根或根尖具有向根际土壤分泌氧气的能力，可以将周围土壤中的亚铁在几毫米内氧化成水合氧化铁化合物并沉淀在根外，从而保持根的原始白色。在根系中部和基部的成熟部位，氧分泌功能减弱，根际氧化环向根系表面还原，水合氧化铁化合物沉淀在根系表面，形成黄棕或赤褐色的铁膜(根系不断分泌氧，将水溶性强的亚铁转化为水溶性差的水合氧化铁，根系周围亚铁浓度降低，而远在亚的铁会不断在根部周围扩散，并被氧化成水合氧化铁，这是铁能够在根部周围富集的根本原因。在缺氧和强还原性条件下，土壤中会大量产生有毒的硫化氢、亚铁和烷烃还原剂以及各种有害的有机酸。水稻根系分泌氧气的能力不足以氧化这些物质，这些物质会沉积在根表面或侵入根体，使根变黑、变青或被水淹。良好的土壤渗透性可以增加白根的比例，而黑根、灰根和涝根不会出现。

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